A New Correlator to Detect and Characterize the Chiral Magnetic Effect

A charge-sensitive in-event correlator is proposed and tested for its efficacy to detect and characterize charge separation associated with the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in heavy ion collisions. Tests, performed with the aid of two reaction models, indicate discernible responses for background- and CME-driven charge separation, relative to the second- ($\Psi_{2}$) and third-order ($\Psi_{3}$) event planes, which could serve to identify the CME. The tests also indicate a degree of sensitivity which would enable robust characterization of the CME via Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) model comparisons.Comment: 5 pages, 5 Figs.; Published versio

Cost Minimization of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage for Hourly Dispatching Wind-Solar Hybrid Power System

This study demonstrates a dispatching scheme of wind-solar hybrid power system (WSHPS) for a one-hour dispatching period for an entire day utilizing battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage subsystem (HESS). A frequency management approach is deployed to extend the longevity of the batteries through extensively utilizing the high energy density property of batteries and the high power density property of supercapacitors in the HESS framework. A low-pass filter (LPF) is employed to decouple the power between a battery and a supercapacitor (SC). The cost optimization of the HESS is computed based on the time constant of the LPF through extensive simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The curve fitting and Particle Swarm Optimization approaches are applied to seek the optimum value of the LPF time constant. Several control algorithms as a function of the battery state of charge are developed to achieve accurate estimation of the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period. This estimation helps to minimize the energy storage cost, in addition to ensuring that the HESS has sufficient capacity for next-day operation. The optimum value of depth of discharge for HESS considering both cycling and calendar expenses has also been investigated for the best competitive energy storage cost for hourly dispatching the power of the WSHPS. This research also presents an economic comparison to investigate the significance of using different types of energy storage for hourly dispatching the WSHPS. The simulation results show that the presented HESS is superior to battery or SC-only operation

Examination of the observability of a chiral magnetically-driven charge-separation difference in collisions of the \mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru} and \mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr} isobars at energies available at RHIC

Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) model calculations for \mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru} and \mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr} collisions ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 200$ GeV) are used in concert with a charge-sensitive correlator, to test its ability to detect and characterize the charge separation difference expected from the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in these isobaric collisions. The tests indicate a larger charge separation for \mathrm{^{96}_{44}Ru +\, ^{96}_{44}Ru} than for \mathrm{^{96}_{40}Zr +\, ^{96}_{40}Zr} collisions, and a discernible CME-driven difference of $\sim 10$\% in the presence of realistic non-CME backgrounds. They also indicate a strategy for evaluating the relative influence of the background correlations, present for each isobar. These results suggest that charge separation measurements for these isobaric species could serve to further constrain unambiguous identification and characterization of the CME in upcoming measurements at RHIC.Comment: 6 pages, 4 Figs; Publication version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.0171

Metastable magnetization behavior in magnetocaloric R6Co1.67Si3 (R=Tb and Nd) compounds

Magnetic field and time induced steps have been observed in the recently discovered ternary silicide R6Co1.67Si3. Huge relaxation steps are observed across different loops in the low temperature magnetization isotherms. Giant relaxation present in this system indicates the existence of incubation time to get the saturated moment at a certain field. Measurement protocol sensitive magnetization behavior observed in this system may arise from the strong magnetostructural coupling and/or magnetic frustration. Electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance also reflect the magnetic state of the compound. Magnetocaloric effect is found to be large at temperatures close to the magnetic transition temperature.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

SolarFormer: Multi-scale Transformer for Solar PV Profiling

As climate change intensifies, the global imperative to shift towards sustainable energy sources becomes more pronounced. Photovoltaic (PV) energy is a favored choice due to its reliability and ease of installation. Accurate mapping of PV installations is crucial for understanding their adoption and informing energy policy. To meet this need, we introduce the SolarFormer, designed to segment solar panels from aerial imagery, offering insights into their location and size. However, solar panel identification in Computer Vision is intricate due to various factors like weather conditions, roof conditions, and Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) variations. To tackle these complexities, we present the SolarFormer, featuring a multi-scale Transformer encoder and a masked-attention Transformer decoder. Our model leverages low-level features and incorporates an instance query mechanism to enhance the localization of solar PV installations. We rigorously evaluated our SolarFormer using diverse datasets, including GGE (France), IGN (France), and USGS (California, USA), across different GSDs. Our extensive experiments consistently demonstrate that our model either matches or surpasses state-of-the-art models, promising enhanced solar panel segmentation for global sustainable energy initiatives.Comment: Pre-prin

Symmetry effects on the static and dynamic properties of coupled magnetic oscillators

The effect of symmetry on the resonance spectra of antiferromagnetically coupled oscillators has attracted new interest with the discovery of symmetry-breaking induced anti-crossings. Here, we experimentally characterise the resonance spectrum of a synthetic antiferromagnet Pt/CoFeB/Ru/CoFeB/Pt, where we are able to independently tune the effective magnetisation of the two coupled magnets. To model our results we apply the mathematical methods of group theory to the solutions of the Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation. This general approach, usually applied to quantum mechanical systems, allows us to identify the main features of the resonance spectrum in terms of symmetry breaking and to make a direct comparison with crystal antiferromagnets

Magnetocapacitive La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 0.7Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3 0.3PbTiO3 epitaxial heterostructures

Epitaxial heterostructures of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 0.7Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3 0.3PbTiO3 were fabricated on LaNiO3 coated LaAlO3 (100) substrates by pulsed laser ablation. Ferromagnetic and ferroelectric hysteresis established their biferroic nature. Dielectric behviour studied under different magnetic fields over a wide range of frequency and temperatures revealed that the capacitance in these heterostructures varies with the applied magnetic field. Appearance of magnetocapacitance and its dependence on magnetic fields, magnetic layer thickness, temperature and frequency indicated a combined contribution of strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling, magnetoresistance of the magnetic layer and Maxwell Wagner effect on the observed properties

Use of a Cross-Sectional Survey in the Adult Population to Characterize Persons at High-Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Rationale/Objective: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) health survey has been used to describe the epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the US. Through addressing respiratory symptoms and tobacco use, it could also be used to characterize COPD risk. Methods: Four US states added questions to the 2015 BRFSS regarding productive cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, and tobacco duration. We determined COPD risk categories: provider-diagnosed COPD as self-report, high-risk for COPD as ≥ 10 years tobacco smoking and at least one significant respiratory symptom, and low risk was neither diagnosed COPD nor high risk. Disease burden was defined by respiratory symptoms and health impairments. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models with age as a covariate. Results: Among 35,722 adults ≥ 18 years, the overall prevalence of COPD and high-risk for COPD were 6.6% and 5.1%. Differences among COPD risk groups were evident based on gender, race, age, geography, tobacco use, health impairments, and respiratory symptoms. Risk for disease was seen early where 3.75% of 25–34 years-old met high-risk criteria. Longer tobacco duration was associated with an increased prevalence of COPD, particularly \u3e 20 years. Seventy-nine percent of persons ≥ 45 years-old with frequent shortness of breath (SOB) reported having or being at risk of COPD, reflecting disease burden. Conclusion: These data, representing nearly 18% of US adults, indicates those at high risk for COPD share many, but not all of the characteristics of persons diagnosed with the disease and demonstrates the value of the BRFSS as a tool to define lung health at a population level

Jost-Lehmann-Dyson Representation, Analyticity in Angle Variable and Upper Bounds in Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory

The existence of Jost-Lehmann-Dyson representation analogue has been proved in framework of space-space noncommutative quantum field theory. On the basis of this representation it has been found that some class of elastic amplitudes admits an analytical continuation into complex \cos\vartheta plane and corresponding domain of analyticity is Martin ellipse. This analyticity combined with unitarity leads to Froissart-Martin upper bound on total cross section.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages, improved version, misprints corrected, the references added, to appear in Theor. Math. Phy